탈춤Talchum 과 평양냉면전통PyongyangRaengmyoncustom 에 대한 유네스코 무형유산위원회 산하 평가기구 Evaluation Body 심사결과

해학·풍자 녹아있는 '한국의 탈춤', 인류무형유산 등재될 듯(종합2보)
김예나  / 2022-11-01 11:29:05
유네스코 산하 평가기구 '등재' 권고…확정되면 한국 22번째 유산
11월 말∼12월 위원회서 최종 결정…북한 '평양랭면 풍습' 등재 권고

 

해학·풍자 녹아있는 ′한국의 탈춤′, 인류무형유산 등재될 듯(종합2보)

 

 

 

ITEM 7.B OF THE PROVISIONAL AGENDA 
Examination of nominations for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Seventeenth session, Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (Rabat, Kingdom of Morocco – 28 November to 3 December 2022) 

 

Summary
The present document includes the recommendations of the Evaluation Body on nominations for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (Part A) and a set of draft decisions for the Committee's consideration (Part B). An overview of the 2022 files and the working methods of the Evaluation Body is included in document LHE/22/17.COM/7.
Decisions required: paragraph 4

 

Republic of Korea
EN: Talchum, mask dance drama in the Republic of Korea

FR: Le talchum, danse théâtrale masquée en République de Corée

Representative List

File reference: 1742

 

Examination of nominations for inscription in 2022 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (item 7.b on the agenda)  

 

The seventeenth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage will be hosted by the Kingdom of Morocco in Rabat (Sofitel Rabat Jardin des Roses) from 28 November to 3 December 2022. 

 

‘Talchum, mask dance drama in the Republic of Kore’, nominated by the Republic of Korea, is a well-elaborated file that clearly explains the social functions and cultural meanings of the element and describes ongoing efforts to address the risks of over-commercialization. 

 

 

 

DRAFT DECISION 17.COM 7.b.22  

The Committee

1. Takes note that the Republic of Korea has nominated Talchum, mask dance drama in the Republic of Korea (No. 01742) for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity:  

Talchum is a performing art that encompasses dance, music and theatre. An ensemble of six to ten musicians accompanies masked performers who humorously explore social issues through dramatic combinations of songs, dances, movements and dialogue. The practice uses caricatures of everyday characters to convey its underlying appeal to universal equality and criticism of social hierarchy. Talchum performances do not require a formal stage: any empty space can become a venue. The audience plays an essential role, contributing to the production with their cheers and jeers as the drama unfolds. This interaction with audiences and the focus on social criticism contributed to Talchum's large-scale transmission in the 1970s and 1980s among young people, particularly university students. This generation continues to play a critical role in the transmission of the practice, passing on the related knowledge and skills of Talchum performance and mask-making to younger generations through local associations, clubs, camps and public schools. Initially performed by men, the practice now includes women. In addition to serving as a tool for social commentary, Talchum can promote and reinforce local cultural identities through the inclusion of local dialects and folksongs. Talchum mask dance dramas are also an important part of local festivals. 

2. Considers that, from the information included in the file, the nomination satisfies the following criteria for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: 

R.1:  Talchum is manifested through the oral traditions, performing arts, social practices and rituals of its dances, music and theatre and the traditional craftsmanship associated with crafting the masks. The bearers and practitioners of the element include individual practitioners who are affiliated with safeguarding associations. The skills related to the dances, songs, dialogue and crafting are transmitted through the practitioners and the safeguarding associations. The broader general public can be involved by learning talchum at public educational institutions and practising it as a pastime. Both men and women can actively participate in the practice and transmission of the element. The themes of talchum highlight values of universal equality and criticisms of rigid social hierarchy, which remain relevant today. Talchum serves as a defining symbol of cultural identity for the local areas where it is practised. 

R.2:  The nomination file highlights that inscription of the element will increase the visibility and raise awareness of intangible cultural heritage in general at the local, national and international levels. In addition, it will be an opportunity to introduce and explain the 2003 Convention and its objectives in the performance pamphlets and promotional and transmission activities that will be shared with local communities. Nationally, inscription of the element will enhance awareness among the people of the Republic of Korea about the importance of intangible cultural heritage and boost national interest in intangible cultural heritage. Internationally, inscription will foster global interest in intangible cultural heritage involving mask traditions, contributing to greater visibility and awareness of intangible cultural heritage in general. 

R.3:  The nomination file explains that the communities' past and current safeguarding measures are carried out through 18 officially recognized talchum safeguarding associations, and that documentation was carried out by researchers. There are also efforts to promote the element through regular performances and the organization of the Youth Mask Dance Festival. The State Party supports these efforts financially as well as through promotion, education, capacity-building workshops and documentation. The proposed safeguarding measures include establishing an International Mask Culture Archive, exchange programmes, events and other safeguarding efforts that will be implemented by the International Mask Arts and Culture Organization. The General Federation of Mask Dance Safeguarding Associations will play a critical role in the safeguarding and transmission of talchum following its inscription. Practitioners will also play a leading role in implementing these proposed safeguarding measures. 

R.4:  The file demonstrates how the communities, groups and individuals concerned have actively participated in the nomination process since the Cultural Heritage Administration announced a call for candidates for nomination in 2019. Nine different intangible cultural heritage elements were identified and the talchum masked-dance drama was selected as the most suitable candidate after careful deliberation by intangible cultural heritage experts. Since that time, the Cultural Heritage Administration and representatives of the communities have actively cooperated in the nomination process. The nomination dossier was drawn up and modified based on consultation with the communities and stakeholders. Safeguarding associations, the General Federation of Mask Dance Safeguarding Associations and the International Mask Arts and Culture Organization have all closely cooperated throughout the entire nomination process from the initial agreement on the need for inscription to the preparation of the nomination file and drawing up of future safeguarding measures. Various letters of consent were submitted, demonstrating the communities' consent for the nomination of the element. 

 

 

 

 

R.5: The element is included on the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, which is maintained by the Intangible Cultural Heritage Division of the Cultural Heritage Administration. The element is also included on various provincial-level inventories. The identification of elements for the inventories involves communities, groups and individuals who practise a particular intangible cultural heritage element or researchers who study and survey the element. The national and provincial intangible cultural heritage inventories are updated through periodic surveys every five years, as mandated by the Act on the Safeguarding and Promotion of Intangible Cultural Heritage. 

3. Decides to inscribe Talchum, mask dance drama in the Republic of Korea on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity; 

4. Commends the State Party on the preparation of a well-elaborated file that clearly explains the social functions and cultural meanings of the element and describes ongoing efforts to address the risks of over-commercialization. 

 

 

 

 

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
EN: Pyongyang Raengmyon custom

Representative List

File reference: 1695

 

DRAFT DECISION 17.COM 7.b.6  
The Committee
1. Takes note that the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has nominated Pyongyang Raengmyon custom (No. 01695) for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: 

Pyongyang Raengmyon (cold noodles made primarily from buckwheat) is a customary social and cultural dish in North Korea. It is served in a brass bowl and topped with trimmings of meat, Kimchi, vegetables, fruits and garnish. Cool meat stock or watery radish Kimchi juice is poured over the noodle strips to finish the preparation. A traditional folk dish deeply rooted in the lives of Pyongyangites, it is associated with long life, happiness, hospitality, conviviality and friendliness, and is believed to foster respect, intimacy and unity. A day before Jongwoldaeborum (a Korean folk winter holiday), family members and neighbours gather to enjoy the noodles, hoping their life will be as long as the noodle strips. At celebrations such as birthdays and weddings, Pyongyangites serve the dish with blessings for relatives, neighbours and friends. It is customary to have some liquor beforehand. Today, the dish has spread beyond special occasions with the establishment of Pyongyang Raengmyon restaurants. Within families, grandmothers and mothers take pride in the transmission of the skills and knowledge to their children, regarding it as their moral obligation. The practice is also transmitted through work-study programmes and trainings in restaurants, cooking contests, festivals and exhibitions, as well as by the media and in educational institutes. 

2. Considers that, from the information included in the file, the nomination satisfies the following criteria for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: 

R.1:  The element is a customary social and cultural practice related to cold noodles which are served on various occasions. The main bearers and practitioners are Pyongyangites. The practitioners also involve broad sections of people who cherish Pyongyang Raengmyon, as well as individuals who are involved in developing the culinary art and transmitting traditional knowledge concerning the element. The knowledge and skills are transmitted informally within families or at restaurants, and through formal education by the Pyongyang Jang Chol Gu University of Commerce, Pyongyang College of Cookery and other educational institutions. The element promotes a sense of cultural identity and continuity and contributes to social harmony and cohesion. 

R.2:  At the local level, inscription could provide greater recognition of the significance and diversity of intangible cultural heritage embedded in occasions associated with the element, such as birthdays, weddings and folk holidays, thereby raising visibility of the element and of intangible cultural heritage in general. At the national level, inscription would generate more enthusiasm for identifying, inventorying and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage across the country. At the international level, inscription will raise awareness about how a traditional culinary art and social practice contained in a culture may contribute to cultural diversity and sustainable development, thereby enhancing the visibility of intangible cultural heritage in general. Dialogue would be encouraged, as inscription would promote cooperation and collaboration between different communities, groups and individuals involved in the safeguarding of traditional culinary culture through international joint research, workshops and festivals, among others. 

R.4:  The preparations for the nomination were carried out by a working group that included members from state departments, associations, restaurants, individual bearers and practitioners. The file explained the roles of the working group, such as organizing consultative meetings, traditional food exhibitions and activities to seek opinions and suggestions on the safeguarding measures and nomination. The representative bearers involved in the working group played leading roles in defining the element, identifying its social function and cultural meaning, proposing safeguarding measures and elaborating the nomination file, while reflecting opinions of the wide public. Before it was finalized, the draft version of the nomination file was posted online to encourage discussion and further revision. Letters of consent were obtained by the working group through field surveys and online channels from January 2019 to January 2021. 

R.5:  The element was included in the National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage on 26 November 2013. The inventory is updated every five years and is maintained by the Department of Protection of National Heritage and the Korea National Heritage Preservation Agency, under the National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture. The inventorying of the element involved two working groups, and interviews with bearers and field surveys were conducted as part of the inventorying process.  

3. Further considers that, from the information included in the file and the information provided by the submitting State Party through the dialogue process, the nomination satisfies the following criterion for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: 

 

 

R.3: The past and current safeguarding efforts include the establishment of the Korea Culinary Association, transmitting the knowledge in families and neighbourhoods, providing workshops in restaurants, and conducting cultural, educational, and research activities. The State Party supports the safeguarding efforts through the construction of restaurants, supporting associations, strengthening the supply system of materials, improving quality standards, monitoring food security, and safeguarding through legal frameworks. The file presents various proposed safeguarding measures in the areas of: education and transmission, protection of rights, consolidation of the legal framework for sustainable development, identification, documentation, research, raising awareness, and dialogue. A series of meetings were held in 2019 to 2021 involving representatives from groups, (NGOs), restaurants, and agencies, which resulted in the proposed safeguarding measures and the distribution of tasks. Citizens from Pyongyang and the public across the country provided proposals either through representative individuals or during field investigation and online. 

4. Decides to inscribe Pyongyang Raengmyon custom on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity; 

5. Reminds the State Party of the importance of ensuring the widest possible participation of the communities concerned in planning and implementing safeguarding measures and in the inventorying process; 

6. Invites the State Party to ensure that safeguarding measures adequately address the potential negative impact of over-commercialization of the element, keeping in mind that all safeguarding measures should be aimed at enhancing the diversity and viability of the element; 

7. Further invites the State Party to take appropriate measures to ensure that the application of a standard procedure does not restrict or stifle human creativity; 

8. Encourages the State Party, when submitting future nomination files, to provide more detailed explanations on the social functions and cultural meanings concerning the element, instead of focusing on the descriptions of the associated items or products.