Excavation of Gangjin Kiln Sites / 강진에서 "만두요" 발견

고려청자 초벌구이에 쓴 타원형 가마 국내 첫 발견

송고시간 | 2019-11-06 10:41

강진 사당리 발굴조사…1천㎡ 규모 최대 청자 선별장도 확인

高麗青磁素焼きに使用した楕円形の"饅頭窯"国内初発見

康津陶窯址発掘...青磁選別場も確認

(Seoul = Yonhapnews)  Mainly found in China, so-called 'mantou kiln 饅頭窯', an oval kiln used for baking porcelains, was confirmed at Gangjin Kiln Sites, near the southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula. 

This kind of kiln resembling mantou, chinese dumplings, is also called 'wonyo 圓窯', literally circular kiln, because its shape is circular or oval. This kind of kiln first appeared in China during the warring states era, and had become popular since the Song Dynasty period as briquettes began to be used as fuel. 

Archaeologists from the Institute of Korean Cultural Heritage (Director Han Sung-wook) conducted an excavation survey at the Gangjin Goryeo Celadon kiln site, a historic site No. 68, to find a kiln for bisque firing, the largest "porcelain selection site" (1,000 square meters), workshops, terraces, and fences etc.  

The surveyed area is located to the west of the Goryeo Celadon Museum in Sadang-ri, Daegu-myeon, Gangjin-gun. From the site luxury Goryeo celadon was produced from the 12th century to the 14th century.

The oval kiln is 2.7m long and 2.26m wide. It is believed that the kiln was built with bricks and tiles, and pieces of pottery and charcoal were excavated. Celadon is usually baked twice. In the first roasting, the firing temperature is around 700 degrees.

Kwon Hyuk-ju, chief researcher of the Institute, said, "There are oval kilns shaped like dumplings in the regions of North and South China, but there are no confirmed cases in Korea." "The exact construction time is still unknown."

"Goryeo celadon is usually known to be produced only from ascending kilns," he added. "It is necessary to find out if there are other kilns around the mantou kiln through further investigation."

Archaeologists have also found a large celadon screening area behind the tiled building site excavated by the National Museum of Korea in 1964. 

Tens of thousands of pieces of celadon made during the heyday of Goryeo celadon were found in the screening area.

Various celadon were excavated, including pieces of a celadon product, which are similar in shape to National Treasure No. 65, Celadon Giraffe Incense Burner as well as other various celadon products such as roof-end tiles, plates, bowls, and prunus vases which are relatively intact.

Kwon said, "It seems to have been discarded after selecting Goryeo celadon made in several kilns.""It's remarkable that when baking high-quality celadon products in a kiln, the outer container, Gapbal 갑발, have not been found." 

He added, "No such large porcelain screening workshop has been confirmed in Korea." "The excavation survey has provided data to help us understand the production system of Goryeo celadon." 

高麗靑瓷素焼きに書いた橢圓形窯国内初発見

康津沙堂里発掘調査... 1千㎡規模最大青磁選別場も確認

（ソウル=聯合ニュース）主に中國で確認されている素焼き用橢圓形窯のいわゆる「饅頭窯」が国内で初めて出てきた。

康津郡と民族文化遺産硏究員は事迹第68號の「康津高麗靑瓷窯址」で発掘調査を進めて素焼き專用窯と1千㎡に及ぶ国内最大規模高麗青磁選別場、青紫の製作過程を知らせる工房からの築臺、フェンスなどを発見したと6日明らかにした。

調査が行われた地域は、康津郡沙堂里高麗靑瓷博物館西に向かって、12世紀から14世紀までの名品高麗青磁を生産したところである。

橢圓形窯は長さが2.7m、幅は2.26mである。レンガやタイルの窯を築造したと推定され、陶器の破片や木炭などが出土した。青磁は、通常、二度焼きの生産が、1次素焼きは燃燒温度が700度前後である。

グォンヒョクジュ民族文化遺産硏究員責任調査員は、「中国北宋と南宋時期窯の中饅頭のような形の楕円形の窯がありますが、国内では確認された事例はない」とし「楕円形の窯の正確な造成時期はまだ分からない」と説明した。

続いて「高麗靑瓷は、通常、細長い登窯でのみ製作した知られている」とし「追加調査を通じて餃子よ周りに他の窯があるかなどを把握しなければならないものと見られる」と付け加えた。

調査団は、国立中央博物館が、1964年から発掘した瓦の建物から背後に存在する大規模な青磁選別場も訪れた。

選別場には、高麗青磁の全盛時代に作られた青磁作品数十点が堆積したことが分かった。国宝第65号「青磁麒麟型の蓋香炉」と形が似て青磁作品、青紫瓦當]はもちろん、形が比較的完全な皿、梅甁など、さまざまな青磁が出た。

巻調査員は、「複数の窯で製作した高麗青磁を選別した後、廢棄した場所に見える」とし「青磁を作成するときに覆う器である匣鉢部分が出なかった」と強調した。

彼は「このように大きな陶器選別場が国内で確認されたことはない」とし「今回の調査で、高麗青磁の生産システムを把握するのに役立つ資料を確保した」と意味を付与した。

psh59@yna.co.kr