사진은 이누이트Inuit 아가야다.
아가라 하지만 그 연세는 무려 500살이 넘는 분이다.
1972년 저 덴마크령 북아메리카 얼음땅 그린란드 황량한 해안 지역 Qllakitsoq라는 곳 이누이트 주거 유적 근처 묘지에서 발견된 8구 미라 중 한 분이라,
이들 미라는 여성 6구와 어린이 2구로 구성된다.
무덤 연대는 서기 1475년.
이 여덟 분은 정착지에서 약 200m 떨어진 곳 묘지에서 발견되었고, 시신은 여러 구씩 두 구역에 함께 매장됐다.
무덤이 돌출된 절벽 아래 위치하고 흙은 부족하며 통풍이 잘되는 돌더미로 만들었으니 춥고 건조하며 통풍이 잘되는 환경은 미라화를 위한 최적의 조건을 제공했다.
돌로 잘 덮었으니 동물 공격에서 시체가 살아남은 것이다.
미라들은 약 1미터 간격으로 두 그룹으로 나뉘어 쌓인 상태였다.
완전한 옷을 걸쳤고 방석이 있고 물개 가죽과 평평한 돌과 풀로 덮었다.
과학 분석이 이뤄지기 전에는 두 무덤 주인공들은 친적 관계가 아닌 별개 두 가족이라 추정했다.
나이, 위치 등으로 볼 때 그렇다는 것이었다.
이런 일을 눈대중 고고학이라 한다.
하긴 이게 뭔 고고학이겠는가?
개돼지도 하는 일이지.
나중에 mtDNA 분석 결과 두 무덤에 묻힌 사람들은 가족 관계였음이 드러났다.
1475년이라는 매장 연대는 방사성 탄소 연대 측정법에 따른 것이니 허용오차는 ±50년이라 뭐 대략 1500년 무렵, 조선시대로 치면 연산군 시절이라 생각하면 되겠다.
가장 잘 보존된 네 구 미라는 해포하지도 않았다는데 지금은 어떤 상태로 어디에 안치했는지 궁금하다.
미라들은 초기 조사자들 분류에 따라 매장 시설별로 크게 나눈다.
그 분류에 따른 간단한 미라 명세다.
무덤1 Grave I
I/1 A boy about six months
This best-preserved mummy was initially thought by its discoverers to be a doll. The especially good conservation can probably be attributed to a faster loss of body heat due to its smaller size. He likely descended from I/4 or II/7. It is considered possible that, after the death of his mother, the boy was either buried alive or suffocated, which was typical for children younger than two years of age in order to spare them a slow death by starvation.
I/2 A four-year-old boy
This boy, probably the son of I/3, was likely also abandoned during his short life, especially because he presumably displayed signs of Down syndrome and the abandonment of disabled children was widely practiced at the time. There is, however, no sign of strangulation, which is commonly noted as the cause of death in these cases. The boy could have died from the immediate consequences of his illness. There is evidence to suggest that, at any rate, this mummy was rebedded posthumously.
I/3 A 20- to 30-year-old woman
This mummy is most likely the daughter of II/6 or II/8 and not, as originally assumed, the sister of I/4. This woman is also exhibited in the museum in Nuuk. Possible causes of death may be a kidney stone or an intestinal obstruction.
I/4 A woman over 30 years
This mummy is also well-preserved and can be viewed in Nuuk. She might be the sister of II/7.
I/5 A woman of about 50 years
This woman is, according to the results of a DNA analysis, not maternally related to any of the other mummies.
무덤2 Grave II
II/6 A woman of about 50 years
This well-preserved mummy, who can be viewed in the museum, is likely the sister of II/8. Her tattoos differ conspicuously from those of other women.
II/7 A woman of about 20 years
This woman could have been the sister of I/4. She was the only adult woman who wasn't tattooed, which may indicate that she was unmarried.[10] Food remains were found in her intestines, providing insight into her diet. As expected, there was a low proportion of plant-based nutrition;[11] surprisingly, in addition to pollen, the remains of partially burned evergreen bark was found which was not native to this region. There was more rust in her lungs than in modern-day residents of large cities, which can primarily be attributed to the use of whale-oil lamps in their small dwellings. The mummy is in relatively poor condition in comparison with her well-preserved clothing. Even though her internal organs were thoroughly examined, no evidence could be found that might indicate a cause of death.
II/8 A woman of about 50 years
This mummy is very poorly preserved. She could be the sister of II/6. The woman suffered from a malignant, end-stage tumor, which probably impaired her senses of hearing and sight, as well as a poorly healed broken shoulder. Her poor health could be a possible cause of death. As with all of the older women found, she was missing several teeth. Furthermore, all the older mummies showed clear signs of dental erosion, which might be explained by their tough diets as well as by stress caused by tanning and removing fur from leather (here, animal hides were removed by scraping with the teeth). Bad teeth were especially dangerous for Inuit peoples with regard to their diets, which were largely raw, meat-based, and difficult to chew.
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