일본육군 대본영이 1945년 2월 6일에 육군 전군에 발송한 통첩에 흥미로운 부분이 있어 아래 소개한다.
내용 중 읽어 볼 만한 부분에는 영어 번역을 따로 붙였다.
내선일체가 어쩌고, 조선인의 수준이 저열하고 어쩌고 하는 이야기가 있지만 다 생략하고
내용만 간단히 요약하면:
1. 조선인 지원병들이 자주 도망간다. 특히 학군으로 뽑은 조선인들이 불온하다. 자꾸 주변을 선동한다.
2. 조선인과 일본인 병사들 사이에 융화가 잘 안 된다.
3. 조선인 병사가 융화가 잘 안 되는 이유는 국어 (일본말) 이해하는 사람이 30프로가 안 된다. 지금 어쩔 수가 없으니 일단 국어를 가르쳐라.
여기서 알수 있는 건 당시 지원병과 학병에서 도망자가 많았다는 점.
일본인과 조선인 병사 사이에 융화가 잘 안되었다는 점.
그리고 조선인병사의 일본어 이해 가능자가 30프로가 안 되었다는 점.
이 경우 재미있는 것은 일본군이 이때 조선 지원병은 최소한 보통학교 4년 수료자만 지원병으로 받았다는 점이다.
보통학교 4년 수료를 했다는 데도 일본어를 이해 못 했다는건 이 사람들이 4년 교육이라도 받은 것처럼 해서 입대는 했지만 실제로는 대부분이 문맹이었다는 소리다.
해방이후 한국인 문맹률이 70프로에 육박했다는 건 일제시대에도 마찬가지였던 셈이다.
일본군은 이 당시 조선인 지원병 중 일본어가 안 되는 사람들은 일본어부터 가르쳐라 라고 하는데 아마 글자부터 가르쳤을 것이다.
50년 당시 한국군 입대자 중 절반이 문맹이라 한글부터 가르쳤다는 것과 다를 바 없다.
이것이 36년간에 걸친 조선인에 대한 식민통치의 최종 결과였던 셈이다.
이러한 한국인의 높은 문맹률이 반전되는 것은 1950년대부터였다.
아래는 본문이다.
朝鮮出身兵ノ取扱指導刷新向上ニ関スル件陸軍一般ヘ通牒
조선출신병의 취급지도 쇄신항상에 관한 건: 육군일반에 대한 통첩
陸密第三〇八号 (甲) 昭和廿年弐月六日 朝鮮出身兵ノ取扱指導刷新向上ニ関スル件陸軍一般ヘ通牒 昭和二十年一月二十六日 陸軍次官 柴山兼四郎
朝鮮出身兵ノ取扱ニ関シテハ屡次注意セラレ各部隊亦留意セラレアル所ニシテ困難ナル事情存スヘキモ最近主トシテ其ノ取扱指導不適切ニ起因シ離隊逃亡頻發シアルノミナラス特ニ某部隊ニ於テハ朝鮮学徒志願兵数十名一団トナリテ不穏ナル策動ヲ敢テセントシタル事件ノ發生ヲ見タルハ朝鮮人ノ活動ヲ大イニ期待スヘキ現戰局下極メテ遺憾トスル所ナリ而シテ朝鮮出身兵ノ取扱ノ適否ハ朝鮮人ノ皇民化具現ニ重大ナル影響ヲ及ホシアルノミナラス今後朝鮮人ヲ軍内外ニ於テ大イニ活動セシムヘキ要アル秋軍ハ他ニ垂範スヘキ地位ニ在ル外特ニ皇軍ノ統率、軍紀、団結等 其ノ建制ニ及ホス影響至大ナルモノアルヲ肝銘シ幹部以下一視同仁ノ 聖旨ヲ深ク体シ特ニ各級隊長ハ建軍ノ本義ト軍隊統率ノ本旨ニ則リ左記事項ヲ留意ノ上速ニ之カ取扱指導ヲ刷新向上セラレ度依命通牒ス
Regarding the handling of soldiers of Korean origin, it is often emphasized to exercise caution, and all units are required to be attentive. Recently, there have been frequent cases of inappropriate guidance in dealing with them, leading to desertion and escape. In particular, in a certain unit, a group of dozens of Korean student volunteers has engaged in unsettling activities, daring to take provocative actions. Such incidents are regrettable, considering the current state of the war. The adequacy of handling soldiers of Korean origin has a significant impact on the realization of Korean people's assimilation into imperial subjects. Therefore, in the future, it is crucial for Koreans to engage in activities both within and outside the military, and the military police should set an example for others. Especially, the leadership, discipline, and unity of the imperial army, as well as its organization, have a profound influence. All members, from officers to subordinates, should deeply understand this decree and pay special attention to the following points, promptly improving their handling and guidance, as instructed.
左記
一 朝鮮出身兵ニ関連スル統率服務ノ観念ノ向上
朝鮮出身兵ヲシテ真ニ兵役制度施行ノ目的ニ即応セシメ大東亜戦争寄与ニ最大ノ貢献ヲニサシムヘキハ朝鮮出身兵ヲ包含スル部隊ノ重大職責ニシテ決シテ些細事ニ非サルヲ肝銘シ各級隊長ノ統率、将校以下ノ服務ニ於テ根本観念ヲ画期的ニ向上シ万般ノ施策特ニ朝鮮出身兵ノ取扱ヲ刷新スルヲ要ス
1. Improvement of the concept of leadership and service related to soldiers of Korean origin.
To truly achieve the purpose of implementing the conscription system, which includes Korean soldiers, and to make the greatest contribution to the Greater East Asia War, it is crucial to recognize the significant responsibilities of the units that encompass Korean soldiers. Even the smallest matters should not be overlooked. It is essential for all levels of commanders, from senior officers to subordinates, to fundamentally enhance their understanding and improve their service through groundbreaking concepts. Various measures, particularly the revitalization of the handling of soldiers of Korean origin, are necessary.
二 内鮮兵間ノ差別感ノ徹底的払拭
朝鮮出身兵ニ対シ一種特別ノ差別感ヲ包蔵シ之ヲ表面化シテ或ハ朝鮮出身兵ノミノ内務班ヲ特別ニ設ケ或ハ幹候採用ニ就キ極端ナル差別待遇ヲナスカ如キハ全ク一視同仁ノ 聖旨ニ背キ奉リ軍隊統率ノ本旨ニ反スルモノナリ而シテ差別感ノ根底ヲナスモノハ将校以下ノ朝鮮ノ民度ノ極メテ低級ナル点ニ関スル認識ノ不十分ナルト旧来ノ感情的蔑視観特ニ自ラ作為シテ差別感アルモノ多シ宜シク各級部隊長以下寛大ナル包擁力ヲ以テ部下ヲ統率シ特ニ内鮮兵間相互ニ於テ信頼感ヲ深厚ナラシムル如ク指導スルノ要アリ
之カ為一時朝鮮出身兵ノ背信行為ヲ認ムル等ノコトアルモ敢テ意トスルコトナク此ノ種過渡的事象ヲ超越克服シ真ニ一視同仁骨肉ノ至情ヲ以テ大乗的ニ処置セラレ度
尚差別感ヲ払拭シ得ス旧態依然タル者ニ対シテハ断乎タル処分ニ出ルト共ニ叙上ノ趣旨ニ依リ指導セラレタル結果発生シタル事件ニ対シテハ責任者ノ処分等ヲモ当分ノ間寛怒スルノ要アリ
2. Thorough elimination of the sense of discrimination among Korean soldiers.
Regarding soldiers of Korean origin, there exists a particular sense of discrimination that should be eradicated completely. This can be achieved by openly addressing and acknowledging this sense of discrimination, such as by establishing a special internal affairs team dedicated to Korean soldiers or strictly enforcing non-discriminatory treatment in recruitment and appointments, treating all soldiers equally and without prejudice. Going against the spirit of equal treatment and the fundamental purpose of military leadership, the underlying roots of discrimination lie in the insufficient recognition of the significantly lower social status of Korean officers and below, stemming from the historically ingrained emotionally contemptuous view. It is essential for all levels of commanders, particularly the inclusive and embracing strength of unit leaders at all ranks, to lead their subordinates with generosity, fostering deep mutual trust among Korean soldiers.
Therefore, when faced with occasional acts of betrayal by soldiers of Korean origin, it is important not to hastily generalize or perceive them as representative of the entire group. Instead, transcending and overcoming such transitional phenomena, it is crucial to handle the situation with genuine impartiality, taking into consideration the bond of kinship and treating everyone equally.
Furthermore, in dealing with individuals who continue to harbor a sense of discrimination, it is necessary to take resolute actions in line with the intentions expressed in promotions and guidance, as demonstrated by the outcomes of previous incidents. Responsible individuals should face appropriate disciplinary measures, and it is important to exercise both leniency and strictness for a certain period of time
三 国語不理解者ニ対スル指導
現在入隊シアル朝鮮出身兵ノ国語理解率ハ僅カニ三十%内外ニシテ彼等ノ国語不理解ニ起因スル労苦ハ真ニ同情ニ価スルモノアリテ離隊逃亡ノ最大原因ハ国語ノ不理解ニ存スルノ実情ナリ而シテ朝鮮人特ニ壮丁ニ対スル国語ノ普及徹底ニ関シテハ別ニ緊急措置ヲ要スルモノアルモ今遽カニ其ノ成果ヲ期待シ難キモノアルヲ以テ取敢ヘス各部隊ニ於テハ朝鮮出身兵ノ国語能力向上ニ関シ一層努力ノ要アリ国語不理解者ニ対シテハ成ルヘク朝鮮ノ実情ニ通暁セル優良ナル内地兵ヲ附シ一般教育実施間国語ノ教育ヲ併セ実施スル外内務班ニ於テモ戦友相互ニ相扶ケ内鮮兄弟ノ実ヲ発揮シテ国語能力ノ向上ヲ図ルヲ要ス
又朝鮮出身兵ヲ収容スル部隊ノ下級幹部ノ一部ハ余暇ヲ利用シテ朝鮮語ヲモ修習シ内鮮一如ノ精神的団結ヲ強化スルノ著意ヲ必要トス
3. Guidance for those who do not understand the national language.
Currently, the rate of understanding the national language among Korean soldiers who are enlisting is only around 30%, and the hardships resulting from their lack of understanding deserve genuine sympathy. The greatest cause of desertion and escape can be attributed to their inability to comprehend the national language. Therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive measures to promote and disseminate the national language, especially for Korean individuals who are specifically recruited for military service. However, it may be difficult to expect immediate results. Hence, it is imperative for each unit to make further efforts to improve the language abilities of Korean soldiers. In dealing with those who do not understand the national language, it is important to attach outstanding mainland soldiers who have a deep understanding of the Korean situation and implement general education, including language education, alongside their specific training. Additionally, within the internal affairs team, comrades should support each other and demonstrate the true spirit of Korean brotherhood, striving to improve their language abilities.
Furthermore, it is necessary for some junior officers in units accommodating Korean soldiers to utilize their leisure time to study the Korean language, thus enhancing the mental unity of Korean soldiers, mirroring the spirit of unity within their ranks.
四 朝鮮ノ民情ニ適応スル指導
朝鮮ノ民情ニハ自ラ内地ト差異ノ存スルハ明カニシテ之ニ適応スル指導ヲナスハ極メテ肝要ナリ特ニ朝鮮ノ民度ノ極メテ低級ナルヲ認識シ例ヘハ衛生思想ノ不足等ノ如キハ親心ヲ以テ指導スレハ十分ニ内地兵ノ水準ニ達シ得ルモノナルヲ認識シ真ニ骨肉ノ至情ヲ以テ彼等ヲ労リ助ケツツ教育指導スルノ要アリ 又親ニ孝ニシテ長上ヲ尊敬スル等ノ朝鮮古来ノ美風ハ剰ス所ナク活用シ特ニ家庭トノ連繋ヲ周密ナラシムルノ要アリ反面国家観ノ認ムヘキモノ少ク個人ノ生死利害ヲ極度ニ重視スル等ノ精神的特質ハ指導上ノ参考トシテ留意シ濫リニ死ヲ強調シテ却ツテ反作用ヲ招来セサル等細心ノ注意ヲ要スルモノアリ 又兵食ノ慣熟等ニ就テモ当初ハ努メテ朝鮮食ヲ加味シ漸ヲ逐フノ労ヲ惜シマサル等ノ注意ヲ怠ラサルコト肝要ナリ
五 要注意兵ノ取扱ノ向上
朝鮮ニ於ケル戸籍規定ノ不徹底ト民度ノ低級ナルトニ起因シ朝鮮出身兵ノ身上ノ調査ニハ困難ナル事情存スヘキモ兵ノ指導上極メテ重要ナルヲ以テ悪質不良兵ノ選別ヲ厳ニシ特ニ思想的要注意兵ノ身上ヲ確実ニ把握シ以テ之等ニ対スル指導ヲ適切ナラシムルコトハ朝鮮出身兵ニ於テハ特ニ重要ナリ
又非違ヲ認メタル場合機ヲ失セス峻厳ナル処分ヲ断行スルハ朝鮮人ノ通有性タル事大思想、付和雷同性等ニ鑑ミ極メテ肝要事ナリ
六 朝鮮出身優良幹部ノ活用
軍内外ニ於テ朝鮮出身優良兵等ヲ活用スルハ徴兵制ノ施行延イテハ朝鮮人ノ皇民化具現ニ極メテ有効ナル施策ナルノミナラス軍内ニ於テモ朝鮮出身兵ノ指導ニ有利ナルヲ以テ積極的ニ之ヲ活用スルノ著意ヲ必要トス而シテ軍内ニ活用スル場合ニ於テハ朝鮮人ノミノ横断的結束ヲ招徠セサルコトニ注意スルト共ニ内鮮兵間ニ民族的感情ニ基ク摩擦ヲ惹起セサル如ク考慮スルノ要アリ
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